An Observational Study of the Mesoscale Mistral Dynamics     

Vincent?GuenardEmail author  Philippe?Drobinski  Jean-Luc?Caccia  Bernard?Campistron  Bruno?Bench 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,115(2):263-288

We investigate the mesoscale dynamics of the mistral through the wind profiler observations of the MAP (autumn 1999) and ESCOMPTE (summer 2001) field campaigns. We show that the mistral wind field can dramatically change on a time scale less than 3 hours. Transitions from a deep to a shallow mistral are often observed at any season when the lower layers are stable. The variability, mainly attributed in summer to the mistral/land–sea breeze interactions on a 10-km scale, is highlighted by observations from the wind profiler network set up during ESCOMPTE. The interpretations of the dynamical mistral structure are performed through comparisons with existing basic theories. The linear theory of R. B. Smith [Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 31, 1989, Academic Press, 1–41] and the shallow water theory [Schär, C. and Smith, R. B.: 1993a, J. Atmos. Sci. 50, 1373–1400] give some complementary explanations for the deep-to-shallow transition especially for the MAP mistral event. The wave breaking process induces a low-level jet (LLJ) downstream of the Alps that degenerates into a mountain wake, which in turn provokes the cessation of the mistral downstream of the Alps. Both theories indicate that the flow splits around the Alps and results in a persistent LLJ at the exit of the Rhône valley. The LLJ is strengthened by the channelling effect of the Rhône valley that is more efficient for north-easterly than northerly upstream winds despite the north–south valley axis. Summer moderate and weak mistral episodes are influenced by land–sea breezes and convection over land that induce a very complex interaction that cannot be accurately described by the previous theories.  相似文献   

Die Ablenkung des Lichtes an der Sonne und die Änderung Seiner Geschwindigkeit und Wellenlänge     

Bruno Thüring 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1972,15(3):467-478

Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse der Radar-Echo-Messungen von I. I. Shapiro, welche auf eine Verringerung der Lichtgeschwindigkeit beim Vorübergang des Lichtes an der Sonne hinweisen, werden zusammen mit der Ablenkung des Lichtes und der Verschiebung seiner Spektrallinien wellentheoretisch erklärt. Es genügt hierzu die Annahme eines materiellen lichtwellentragenden Mediums mit einer Dichte unterhalb des empirischen Vakuums; das Medium muss dann radial zur Sonne eine geringe Inhomogenität besitzen, die in entsprechenden kleinen Zusatzgliedern in den Maxwellschen Gleichungen ihren Ausdruck findet.Auf protophysikalischer Grundlage aufbauend wird die Phasengleichung (22) der an der Sonne vorbeigehenden Lichtwellen unter einfachsten Annahmen abgeleitet und integriert; als Resultat ergeben sich die drei genannten Effekte in Übereinstimmung mit der Erfahrung (Gleichung (39), (44), (47)).

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Shapiro (1968) published the first results of radar-echo-observations on Venus and Mercury in the neighbourhood of upper conjunctions with the Sun; the observations indicate a decrease of the velocity of light passing the Sun. The theory of Soldner is disproved; and the general relativity is in accord with the observed facts. But not this theory alone. In this publication the deflection of light, decrease of the velocity of light, and displacement of spectral-lines are explained with the aid of a wavetheory. Hereby the assumption of a material medium carrying light-waves is sufficient, the density of which is below that of the empirical vacuum; hence, the medium must have a small inhomogeneityh radial to the Sun, and the Maxwell equations contain small additional terms (Equation (3)). They lead to the field equations (4) and (5). The protophysical fundamentals of the wave-theory (6), (8), (9), (10a) lead to the Equations (12) of wave-phase. If we assume that the behaviour of the light passing the Sun is independent (in first approximation) from the wave-form (F), the Equation (22) of wave-phase, is deduced for simple-periodic waves of light. Figure 1 outlines the slope and deflection of the ray of light by the Sun. Section 5 contains the solution of (22); and Section 6 the results. The constant of inhomogeneity =1/210^–5 (of the radius of the Sun) produces a deflection (39) of light passing the Sun. The length of waves of the light approaching the Sun is decreased to a minimum and is increasing with increasing distance from the Sun until the former value ((43) and (44)). The velocity of light approaching the Sun is decreased to a minimum and increases with increasing distance from the Sun to its former value ((46) and (47)).

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Matter supply mechanisms in X-ray binaries     

Bruno Cester  Marino Mezzetti 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1976,45(2):337-352

The six best known X-ray binaries are investigated according to the two different assumptions on the mechanism of matter supply. From the model of a semi-detached system with a point-like component, rather good estimates for the masses of the stars and the radius of the optical component can be deduced. The stellar wind model appears to be generally insufficient for driving the X-luminosity. Therefore, according to the mass-ratios, the stars may be at the beginning of mass-exchange. Only 3U 1700-37 shows inconsistent observational data.In the frame of the Roche model, the values of the contact phase angles, in the case of one star filling its lobe and a point-like companion, are given in tabular form in the Appendix, as a function of the mass-ratio and the orbital inclination angle. The limiting minimum inclination angle to have an eclipse is also given.This work has been partly supported by a contract of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).  相似文献   

Petrologische Untersuchungen an tertiären basaltischen bis phonolithischen Vulkaniten der Rhön     

Bruno Ficke 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1961,7(4):337-436

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 39 TextabbildungenDie vorliegende Arbeit wurde als Dissertation bei der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Würzburg 1958 eingereicht.  相似文献   

High-pressure behaviour along the jadeite NaAlSi2O6–aegirine NaFeSi2O6 solid solution up to 10 GPa     

Fabrizio Nestola  Tiziana Boffa Ballaran  Christian Liebske  Marco Bruno  Mario Tribaudino 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(6):417-425

The volume variation as a function of pressure along the jadeite–aegirine solid solution was determined at room temperature up to pressures between 6.5 and 9.7 GPa by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The unit-cell volumes collected at room pressure for the different compositions indicate a slight deviation from linearity along the join. The pressure–volume data have been fitted using a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (BM3-EoS). The bulk modulus, K _T0, varies from 134.0(7) GPa for pure jadeite to 116.1(5) GPa for pure aegirine. Its evolution with composition along the join is not linear and can be described by the following second order polynomial:

(1)

The value of the first pressure derivative K′ is close to 4 for all the samples investigated and can be used in a BM3-EoS to determine the volume variations of these pyroxenes up to 7–10 GPa. Along the join the highest compressibility among the crystallographic directions is always observed along a, however, the compression along b is the most affected by compositional changes. The strain ellipsoid analysis indicates that the major compression occurs on the (0 1 0) plane along a direction at about 145° to the c axis (from c to a). The anisotropy of the compression increases with increasing the aegirine component, as confirmed by the analysis of both the axial compressibility and the strain tensor.  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter during peak PM10 episodes in Apulia (South Italy)     

Martino Amodio  Paolo Bruno  Maurizio Caselli  Gianluigi de Gennaro  Paolo Rosario Dambruoso  Barbara Elisabetta Daresta  Pieirna Ielpo  Francesco Gungolo  Claudia Marcella Placentino  Vincenzo Paolillo  Maria Tutino 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):313-ICNAA07

Some peak PM10 episodes, occurred during PM monitoring campaigns performed on October 2005 and February and June 2006 in Bari town, have been characterized. Moreover back trajectories of air masses and Principal Component Analyses were applied. Three of the peak PM10 episodes investigated were related to local emissions of primary pollutants during poor atmospheric dispersion conditions. The other two peak PM10 episodes considered are related with long range transport air masses toward Apulia region: in one case the chemical characterization and the back trajectories analysis indicate that high PM10 value detected is due to the Saharan dust advection in the Apulia region; in the other case air masses with different origin give rise to high PM10 value.Moreover PM10 daily mean concentrations, presented in this paper collected from January 2005 to August 2007 and obtained by automatic device in six stations of air quality monitoring networks in Bari territory, do not show a seasonal trend for PM10 concentrations, contrary to the PM10 trend shown in the towns of North Italy. This can be explained mostly considering that our region presents generally meteo-climatic conditions that favour pollutants dispersion.  相似文献   

Monte Carlo Markov Chain parameter estimation in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation     

Bruno M. B. Henriques  Peter A. Thomas  Seb Oliver  Isaac Roseboom 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(1):535-547

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Coordinated Study on Solar Wind Turbulence During the Venus-Express, ACE and Ulysses Alignment of August 2007     

R. Bruno  V. Carbone  Z. Vörös  R. D’Amicis  B. Bavassano  M. B. Cattaneo  A. Mura  A. Milillo  S. Orsini  P. Veltri  L. Sorriso-Valvo  T. Zhang  H. Biernat  H. Rucker  W. Baumjohann  D. Jankovičová  P. Kovács 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2009,104(1-4):101-104

At the end of August 2007, Venus, Earth and Ulysses were aligned within a few degrees. This unusual event gives the opportunity to attempt a coordinated study on the radial evolution of solar wind turbulence and coronal transients like CMEs between 0.7 and 1.4 AU. Interplanetary magnetic field data and moments of proton velocity distribution function such as density, speed and temperature are required for this programme and will be provided by ACE at Earth, Venus Express at Venus and Ulysses at 1.4 AU. This project has been recently proposed as a Coordinated Investigation Programme (CIP35) for the International Heliophysical Year.  相似文献   

Discussion on “Effects of different drying rates on shrinkage characteristics of a residual soil and soil mixtures” by Henry Krisdani, Harianto Rahardjo, Eng-Choon Leong [Engineering Geology 102 (2008) 31–37]     

Mamert Mbonimpa  Michel Aubertin  Bruno Bussire 《Engineering Geology》2009,107(3-4):172-173

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AVES: A high performance computer cluster array for the INTEGRAL satellite scientific data analysis     

Memmo Federici  Bruno Luigi Martino  Pietro Ubertini 《Experimental Astronomy》2012,34(1):105-121

In this paper we describe a new computing system array, designed, built and now used at the Space Astrophysics and Planetary Institute (IAPS) in Rome, Italy, for the INTEGRAL Space Observatory scientific data analysis. This new system has become necessary in order to reduce the processing time of the INTEGRAL data accumulated during the more than 9 years of in-orbit operation. In order to fulfill the scientific data analysis requirements with a moderately limited investment the starting approach has been to use a ??cluster?? array of commercial quad-CPU computers, featuring the extremely large scientific and calibration data archive on line.  相似文献